Course Description
The course will highlight the principle of small aperture optics and pinhole for optimizing the visual quality and depth of focus. The surgical procedure at the level of lens-iris plane that includes implanting a small aperture IOL’s and performing pinhole pupilloplasty along with its nuances will be discussed. The use of miotic drops and its application in presbyopia will be discussed in case based presentation.

Educational Objective
I want the learner to be able to apply the principle of pinhole visual acuity in their select cases of patients with higher order aberrations. Imparting pinhole visual acuity to cases with higher order aberrations helps to optimize visual quality and depth of focus. This aspect needs to be highlighted as it has the potential of improving standard of life in these extreme cases.